এইচআইভি/এইডস: এমআরএনএ ভ্যাকসিন প্রাক-ক্লিনিক্যাল ট্রায়ালে প্রতিশ্রুতি দেখায়  

Successful development of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (of Pfizer/BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (of Moderna) against the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 and the important role these vaccines played recently in mass immunisation of people against COVID-19 pandemic in several countries has established RNA- এর technology and is ushering in a new era in medicine and drug delivery. Its application in development of vaccines against other diseases and therapeutics for several diseases including cancer has already began showing early results. Recently, French scientists had reported a proof of concept for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common hereditary neurological disease that causes progressive paralysis of the legs. In the area of vaccine development, mRNA vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS is reported to have shown promise in pre-রোগশয্যা trial in animals. The novel mRNA-based HIV vaccine was found safe and reduced risk of HIV-like infection in monkeys thus paving way for phase 1 clinical trials. Based on this, a রোগশয্যা trial sponsored by NIAID has started. Another clinical trial sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform based is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens  

এর প্রথম রিপোর্টের পর ৪০ বছরেরও বেশি সময় পেরিয়ে গেছে এইচ আই ভি1981 সালে /এইডস কেস। বিশ্বব্যাপী বৈজ্ঞানিক ও চিকিৎসা সম্প্রদায়ের দীর্ঘ সমন্বিত প্রচেষ্টা সত্ত্বেও, এইচআইভি/এইডসের বিরুদ্ধে একটি নিরাপদ এবং কার্যকর ভ্যাকসিন এখন পর্যন্ত সম্ভব হয়নি, যার মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য অ্যান্টিজেনিক পরিবর্তনশীলতা সহ বেশ কয়েকটি চ্যালেঞ্জের কারণে এনভেলপ প্রোটিন (এনভি), সুরক্ষিত। সংরক্ষিত এপিটোপগুলির কনফিগারেশন এবং অ্যান্টিবডিগুলির স্বয়ংক্রিয়তা। বেশ কয়েকটি পদ্ধতির চেষ্টা করা হয়েছিল তবে ফলাফলগুলি অসন্তোষজনক ছিল। শুধুমাত্র একটি মানুষের ট্রায়াল নিম্ন স্তরের সুরক্ষা প্রদান করতে পারে (~30%)।  

এর সাফল্য mRNA vaccines against SARS CoV-2 has opened up the possibility of developing mRNA technology-based vaccines for other pathogenic viruses like Human Immunodeficiency viruses (এইচ আই ভি) responsible for AIDS. The researchers of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have recently reported development of a novel mRNA এইচ আই ভি vaccine which has shown promises in প্রিক্লিনিক্যাল trials on animals.   

The NIAID research team used mRNA for expression of two viral proteins – এইচ আই ভি-1 envelope (Env) protein and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein. Injection of mRNA in the muscle for expression of these two proteins generated virus-like particles (VLPs) which was able to induce immune response similar to natural infection. অ্যান্টিবডি were formed that could neutralise and reduce the risk of infection (VLPs could not cause infection because of lack of genome of এইচ আই ভি). Vaccination with both env and gag mRNAs yielded better results. The vaccinated animals had 79% lower risk of infection than the unvaccinated animals. Safety and effectiveness data on animals suggested a promising approach for the development of mRNA বিরুদ্ধে টিকা এইচ আই ভি.  

Encouraged by the results, the phase 1 রোগশয্যা trial (NCT05217641) has been sponsored by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is currently recruiting participants.  

অন্য রোগশয্যা trial (NCT05001373) sponsored by International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) based on Moderna’s mRNA platform is evaluating HIV vaccine antigens originally developed as proteins at Scripps Research and IAVI’s Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC). This research team had earlier showed that ‘’an adjuvanted protein-based version of the priming immunogen (eOD-GT8 60mer) induced the desired B-cell response in 97% of recipients’’. 

Depending on satisfactory safety and effectiveness results from the রোগশয্যা বিচার, mRNA ভ্যাকসিন এইচআইভি/এইডসের বিরুদ্ধে অদূর ভবিষ্যতে উপলব্ধ হতে পারে।  

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তথ্যসূত্র:  

1. Zhang, P., Narayanan, E., Liu, Q. et al. A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 এইচ আই ভি-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques. Nat Med 27, 2234–2245 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01574-5 

2. A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BG505 MD39.3, BG505 MD39.3 gp151, and BG505 MD39.3 gp151 CD4KO HIV Trimer mRNA Vaccines in Healthy, এইচ আই ভি-uninfected Adult Participants – ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05217641 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217641?cond=NCT05217641&draw=2&rank=1  

3. IAVI – Press Releases – IAVI and Moderna launch trial of HIV vaccine antigens delivered through mRNA technology. Posted January 27, 2022. Available at https://www.iavi.org/news-resources/press-releases/2022/iavi-and-moderna-launch-trial-of-mrna-hiv-vaccine-antigens  

4. A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644) and Core-g28v2 60mer mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1644v2-Core). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05001373. Sponsor: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05001373?cond=NCT05001373&draw=2&rank=1  

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